Genetic and other difference among various yeast system

What are the main differences among various yeast system?

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the best-characterized eukaryotes and most widely used host systems for biopharmaceutical production since the early days of genetic engineering and recombinant protein production.

Recently, nonconventional yeast species including Hansenula polymorpha, Pichia pastoris, Yarrowia lipolytica, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Kluyveromyces lactis have been developed as alternative hosts for the production of recombinant proteins.

Here we summary the main differences among various yeast system.

Yeast species	Attributes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Favorable public acceptance GRAS status The most well studied of simple eukaryotes Amenable to both classical genetics and modern recombinant DNA techniques Versatile vector systems (episomal, integrative, copy-number regulated) are available (Invitrogen) A wide range of mutant strains Well-established fermentation and downstream processing Hypermannosylation with immunogenic terminal _-1,3-linked mannose residues Genome sequencing: Reference strain S288C; 12 157 Kb (6273 ORFs); Accession number PRJNA128
Pichia pastoris	GRAS status Tightly regulated, methanol-inducible AOX promoters A Crabtree-negative yeast allowing for high dilution rates and high biomass yields in fermentation processes Can grow rapidly on inexpensive media at high cell densities (up to 150 g DCW L_1) Integrated vectors developed that help genetic stability of the recombinant elements, even in continuous and large-scale fermentation processes Well-established commercial vector systems and host strains (Invitrogen) A lesser extent of hypermannosylation compared to S. cerevisiae; No terminal _-1,3-linked mannose residues Genome sequencing: Reference strain GS115; 9216 Kb (5040 ORFs); Accession number PRJNA39439, PRJEA37871
Hansenula polymorpha	GRAS status polymorpha Stringently regulated strong promoters (MOX, FMDH, etc.) A Crabtree-negative yeast allowing for high dilution rates and high biomass yields in fermentation processes Stable, multicopy integration of foreign DNA into chromosomal locations Thermotolerant (growth up to 45 _C), resistant to heavy metals and oxidative stress Can assimilate nitrates A lesser extent of hypermannosylation compared to S. cerevisiae; No terminal _-1,3-linked mannose residues Genome sequencing: Reference strain DL1; 9056 Kb (5325 ORFs); Accession number PRJNA60503
Schizosaccharomyces pombe	An oleaginous yeast, based on its ability to accumulate large amounts of lipids GRAS status Can grow in hydrophobic environments, that is able to metabolize triglycerides, fatty acids, n-alkanes, and n-paraffins as carbon sources for the bioremediation of environments contaminated with oil spills Can secrete a variety of proteins via cotranslational translocation and efficient secretion signal recognition similar to higher eukaryotes Availability of a commercial expression kit (YEASTERN BIOTECH CO., LTD.) Salt tolerance A lesser extent of hypermannosylation compared to S. cerevisiae; a lack of the immunogenic terminal _-1,3-mannose linkages Genome sequencing: Reference strain CLIB122; 20 503 Kb (7042 ORFs); Accession number PRJNA12414
Kluyveromyces lactis	A Crabtree-negative yeast allowing for high dilution rates and high biomass yields in fermentation processes Lactose-fermenting present in milk and whey, and the strong, lactose inducible LAC4 promoter Very high cell density (> 100 g DCW L_1) Able to use both integrative and episomal expression vectors An available easy-to-use reagent kit for K. lactis protein expression (New England Biolabs) Terminal N-acetylglucosamine and no mannose phosphate Genome sequencing: Reference strain NRRL Y-1140; 10 689 Kb (5502 ORFs); Accession number PRJNA12377

Ref: Yeast synthetic biology for the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins